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People in Bavaria were only granted complete freedom to emigrate from 1871 onwards. Before that time, an emigration application had to be filed with the authorities. A passport could only be obtained after submission of a birth and baptism certificate, proof of financial security and proof of military service. The intended emigration also had to be publicly proclaimed, so that debtors could be informed. Only the passport issued officially for the one journey made it possible for the holder to purchase the ticket.

The treaty governing freedom of domicile that was co-signed by the Kingdom of Bavaria and America in 1845 did nothing to alter this state of affairs.

Emigrating from Bavaria meant relinquishing Bavarian citizenship. This freed home communities from having to provide for any impoverished emigrants who returned, because they were no longer subjects of the King.

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